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Understanding the context.

Short explanations and general information about legal matters connected to Türkiye, supported by official sources.

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General guidance

Certificates of inheritance and international connections

A certificate of inheritance documents heir status. Article 598 of the Turkish Civil Code provides for a certificate issued by a civil court or notary to persons established to be statutory heirs. Where a matter has an international connection, the available application route requires separate consideration.

General guidance

Powers of attorney for use in Türkiye

Turkish diplomatic missions can carry out notarial procedures for powers of attorney to be used in Türkiye. For documents prepared by a foreign notary, authentication, apostille and translation requirements need to be checked for the intended transaction. The powers granted must match the intended act; not every power of attorney is sufficient for every procedure.

General guidance

Foreign divorces and the Turkish civil register

An application procedure is required to record a foreign divorce in the Turkish civil register. Decisions meeting the requirements can follow a registration route through civil registry offices or diplomatic missions. Other effects of the decision and any need for court proceedings require separate consideration.

General guidance

Trademark protection in Türkiye

Trademark law concerns signs that distinguish a business’s goods or services and the rights associated with them. Protecting trademark rights, allegations of unauthorised use and trademark disputes fall within this area. An assessment considers available registration records, how the mark is used and the scope of the dispute together.

General guidance

Why check the title record before buying property in Türkiye?

A property listing and its title record provide different information. The record may reveal matters affecting the property as well as ownership. The purchase price is therefore only part of the picture.

General guidance

Which documents matter when employment ends in Türkiye?

The end of employment can raise several distinct questions. The reason, the wording of a notice and the employment history may matter to different issues. A clear account of events and available records is a useful starting point.

General guidance

Is a company name the same as a trademark?

A company name, domain and brand used on products may look identical but raise different questions. Business identity and protection of signs for goods or services should be considered together.

General guidance

An estate in Türkiye and Germany: what needs distinguishing?

Assets in more than one country can raise different questions about documents and procedures.

General guidance

Does an estate consist only of assets?

An estate assessment may involve debts and ongoing relationships as well as known assets.

General guidance

Are a will and proof of heir status the same?

Inheritance documents may appear similar while serving different purposes.

General guidance

Is dealing with inherited property at the land registry a separate step?

Establishing heir status and dealing with property records can be different stages.

General guidance

What matters if one heir uses the house alone?

A disagreement over use between heirs may be distinct from ownership and division.

General guidance

What information helps with an inherited bank account?

Heir documents and information requested by a bank serve different purposes.

General guidance

Are renouncing future inheritance and disclaiming an estate the same?

These expressions can sound similar in everyday language but describe different legal acts.

General guidance

Is a family agreement enough to divide an estate?

Agreement between heirs is an important starting point; implementation needs separate consideration.

General guidance

Are a rental deposit and the final month’s rent the same?

A deposit and rent may be payments serving different purposes.

General guidance

Why is a rental property handover record useful?

Recording the condition at handover may help clarify later disagreements.

General guidance

What information matters when a rent increase is requested?

A rent increase cannot be assessed solely by the new amount requested.

General guidance

Is a landlord’s request to leave enough for eviction?

A request to leave, its legal basis and the applicable process are separate questions.

General guidance

Does a property share mean ownership of a particular room?

An ownership share should be distinguished from the arrangement for physical use.

General guidance

Are a promise to sell and transfer of title the same?

An agreement about a future sale and a transfer of ownership are different stages.

General guidance

Do title records and parcel boundaries provide the same information?

Ownership information and a property’s location and boundaries may be described by different records.

General guidance

Is every repair in a rental home the tenant’s responsibility?

Responsibility for a repair depends in part on its cause and the tenancy terms.

General guidance

Is agreeing to divorce enough for an agreed divorce?

The wish to divorce and agreement about its consequences do not cover the same ground.

General guidance

Are divorce and division of property the same matter?

Ending a marriage and addressing spouses’ property relationships require distinct consideration.

General guidance

Are custody and contact with a child the same?

Decision-making for a child and arrangements for contact are different topics.

General guidance

Do all maintenance payments in divorce serve the same purpose?

Maintenance can concern different needs and stages of proceedings.

General guidance

Can foreign family documents be used directly in Türkiye?

The issuing country and intended use of a document are considered together.

General guidance

Why do short clauses in a divorce agreement matter?

A short agreement does not necessarily contain only terms with limited effects.

General guidance

What matters when parents live in different countries?

Cross-border family matters bring the child’s daily arrangements and existing orders into focus together.

General guidance

Are a shareholder and a manager the same role?

Holding a company interest and managing the company are different matters.

General guidance

How is authority to sign for a company assessed?

Working for a company does not mean a person can sign every contract for it.

General guidance

Is transferring a company interest completed by payment alone?

Payment, agreement and internal company procedures can be different stages of a transfer.

General guidance

What is considered first in a shareholder disagreement?

Disagreement between owners can affect everyday company operations in different ways.

General guidance

What matters if two language versions of a contract differ?

Preparing a contract in two languages does not automatically make their meanings identical.

General guidance

Why should a contract’s payment schedule be clear?

The timing and conditions of payment can matter as much as the amount.

General guidance

Are termination and withdrawal from a contract the same?

The everyday phrase cancelling a contract can refer to different legal routes.

General guidance

Can emails and messages help in a contract dispute?

Correspondence may help explain an agreement and the sequence of events.

General guidance

Does an unpaid invoice alone establish the whole claim?

An invoice is one record of a business relationship; the wider background remains important.

General guidance

What matters on receiving a payment order?

A formal payment order should not be treated as an ordinary payment reminder.

General guidance

How is a remaining claim understood after partial payments?

A partial payment calls for a separate look at the remaining balance.

General guidance

Are a guarantee and a mortgage the same security?

Security for a claim can involve different people and rights.

General guidance

What should be clear in a debt payment plan?

A payment plan should clarify the scope of agreement as well as amounts.

General guidance

Which records matter when wages are underpaid?

A wage dispute involves comparing expected amounts with actual payments.

General guidance

Is a total number of hours enough when discussing overtime?

Working-time questions depend on the period and arrangements to which the hours relate.

General guidance

Are annual leave and payment for unused leave the same issue?

Taking leave and assessing it when employment ends concern different situations.

General guidance

Why does the wording of a resignation matter?

How employment ended is understood alongside the statements made and previous events.

General guidance

Do all documents signed when leaving work mean the same thing?

Handover, payment and claims documents can serve different purposes.

General guidance

Why do goods and service classes matter for a trademark?

A trademark assessment is not limited to its name or logo.

General guidance

Are a word mark and a logo assessed in the same way?

A trademark’s word and visual elements can have different characteristics.

General guidance

Does trademark registration in Türkiye cover every country?

The country and application scope both matter to trademark protection.

General guidance

Why keep records showing how a trademark is used?

How a trademark is used commercially may matter in some disputes.

General guidance

Is every online use of a trademark infringement?

The context and scope of an online use matter to its assessment.

General guidance

Are an apostille and a translation the same process?

Authentication and understanding a foreign document’s language are different needs.

General guidance

Why does finality of a foreign judgment matter?

Issuing a decision and reaching finality can be different procedural stages.

General guidance

What is the basic difference between recognition and enforcement?

The effect of a foreign decision in Türkiye and its enforceability may raise different questions.

General guidance

Why does the scope of a power of attorney issued abroad matter?

Clearly identifying the intended transaction helps when preparing a power of attorney.

Practice area

Corporate and commercial law

From formation to everyday trading, many business decisions have a legal dimension. Ownership relationships, corporate decisions and commercial disputes are central topics. In a matter connected to Türkiye, the business structure, documents and the roles of those involved are considered together.

Practice area

Contract law

A contract sets out what each party undertakes and the terms on which they work together. Unclear wording or differing expectations can later lead to disputes. This area includes preparing contracts, considering existing terms and addressing obligations that have not been fulfilled.

Practice area

Property law

Property matters extend beyond buying and selling. Ownership, use, rental relationships and rights affecting a property may also matter. An assessment concerning property in Türkiye considers registry information, contracts and the background of any dispute together.

Practice area

Inheritance law

After a death, identifying heirs and dealing with an estate may become necessary. Proof of heir status, division of the estate and inheritance disputes are distinct matters. Where Germany and Türkiye are involved, family relationships, the location of assets and available documents deserve particular attention.

Practice area

Family law

Family law matters require a careful understanding of personal circumstances. Divorce, matters involving children and financial relationships between spouses call for distinct assessments. For people living abroad, foreign decisions and records in Türkiye may also be relevant.

Practice area

Recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments

A decision issued abroad may require a separate assessment of its effects in Türkiye. Recognition, enforceability and entry in a civil register are not the same process. The possible route depends on the subject, scope and applicable conditions of the decision.

Practice area

Receivables and enforcement

For an unpaid claim, an initial question is the relationship and documents on which it rests. Contracts, payment records and correspondence help establish the background. Establishing the claim, resolving a dispute and enforcement procedures each require their own assessment.

Practice area

Employment law

Rights and obligations at work are considered alongside the terms of the employment relationship. Employment contracts, pay, working conditions and termination are among the relevant topics. In a dispute, the contract, employment records and sequence of events matter.

Practice area

Trademark law and brand protection

Trademark law concerns signs that distinguish a business’s goods or services and the rights associated with them. Protecting trademark rights, allegations of unauthorised use and trademark disputes fall within this area. An assessment considers available registration records, how the mark is used and the scope of the dispute together.

Legal developments

Legislative changes and court decisions: short explanations and general implications with official sources.

Resmî Gazete

Official issues containing new legislation. Publication and effective dates need separate consideration.

Official source

Mevzuat Bilgi Sistemi

A source for legislative texts; relevant provisions and amendment history are considered together.

Official source

Yargıtay Karar Arama

Search published decisions. The outcome of one case does not automatically apply to every case.

Official source

Anayasa Mahkemesi Kararlar Bilgi Bankası

Access to Constitutional Court decisions. Their subject, scope and legal effects need separate consideration.

Official source